An Analysis of Ethics In the Workplace

In the first article â€Å"What role should HR play in corporate ethics† the authors establish that HR is vital toward maintaining and building corporate ethics programs. In particular the researchers suggest that HR professionals can create programs that help facilitate open communication and enhance ethics by helping employees and management officials understand the effects non-ethical behavior may have on customers, shareholders and organizational productivity. The authors also suggest that ethics programs should be linked to all business units including finance, security and any legal organization components. An ethics program according to this author must cover multiple areas including risk assessment, organizational standards, communication, reporting and organizational assessment. I support the author's views in this article. Ethics starts by opening the lines of communication within an organization. HR plays a key role in ethics development in an organization because HR professionals come to intimately understand the needs, wants and problems employees may have with ethical subjects. In the second article, â€Å"How HR can facilitate ethics† the authors suggest again that HR professionals must play an important role in developing, maintaining and updating ethics programs. This article like the previous article supports adopting ethical systems within the organization. A key element of ethics programs defined by the authors is also communications. The authors suggest that HR plays three critical roles with respect to ethics including determining employee's loyalty, providing consistent information and assessing perceptions about ethical behaviors in an organization. Again the authors here make a valid point. HR is critical as the previous article mentions to the success of an organizational ethical program. I also believe that a solid ethics program will build loyalty but not just among employees. A company that has a reputable ethics program in place will also stand out among the competition. In an increasingly global marketplace it is vital that organizations take steps to ensure they conduct ethical business practices. Both of these articles are very relevant to the field of HRD. As companies continue to expand into an international marketplace, the media more and more is highlighting stories that feature unethical behavior. Such behavior tarnishes the reputation of companies and also harms employee's chances for advancement and personal success. It is vital that human resource professionals take an active role in developing ethical systems within the organization. HR professionals are trained not only in ethical management but also to work with employees to form a bridge between managers and employees. HR professionals can help open the lines of communication, survey current employees and mangers to determine potential problems areas, and work with multiple business units synergistically to ensure all company objectives are met in as ethical a manner as possible. It's not enough to simply â€Å"do† business. Companies that fail to uphold ethical standards will ultimately fail in the long term. It is important that companies not only remain competitive but take pride in ethical work practices. HRD teams should continually work to discover new and innovative techniques for building ethical work practices into organizational processes and procedures. Ethics is something that should be ingrained in the heart and soul of organizations.

Bankruptcy Court in Richmond

In the Eastern Edition of Wall Street Journal, an article was published on April 14, 2009 with reports that Circuit City sought the permission of U. S. Bankruptcy Court in Richmond, Virginia to sell the â€Å"Circuit City† and â€Å"The City† brand names and related Web sites, phone numbers, and trademarks to Systemax Inc. , the same company who bought the CompUSA brand name in 2008. This kind of scenario in the business world is an example of acquisition.As defined by the Dictionary of Finance and Investment Terms, the term â€Å"acquisition† refers to a process where: â€Å"†¦one company taking over controlling interest in another company. Investors are always looking out for companies that are likely to be acquired, because those who want to acquire such companies are often willing to pay more than the market price for the shares they need to complete the acquisition† (2006). In this project, the acquiring company is Systemax Inc while the target c ompany for acquisition is the Circuit City. Systemax Inc.(NYSE: SYX) is a Fortune 1000 company and leading retailer of brand name like TigerDirect, CompUSA, MISCO and Global Industrial Equipment, and of private label products including personal computers, notebook computers, consumer electronics, computer-related accessories, technology supplies and industrial products. Systemax sells these products through Integrated Marketing mix such as: branded e-commerce websites, direct mail catalogs, relationship marketers and retail stores. The company also manufactures and sells personal computers under the Systemax logo and computer components under the Ultra Products brand.The company reach extends to a wide range of customers from individual consumers, to small-to-medium sized businesses, to major corporations, to government organizations and to the educational market. On the other hand, Circuit City Stores, Inc. (Pink Sheets: CCTYQ) used to be the second largest U. S. electronics retail er, after Best Buy in brand-name consumer electronics, personal computers, entertainment software, and large appliances. At the time of liquidation, there were 567 Circuit City Superstores nationwide with store size ranging from 15,000 to 45,000 square feet (1400 to 4000 m?), when the company announced total liquidation. When the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in November 2008, an additional 155 stores were closed with the intent of continuing business operations. However, as a consequence of global economic recession during the late 2000s, the lack of consumer spending and overall economic downturn resulted to the demise of the company. When the company shut operation, a small staff remains active at corporate headquarters to complete the company's business such as the termination of its many leases, and the sale of its company-owned real estate and Canadian subsidiary.From the acquisition and take over that happened between Systemax Inc. and Circuit City, we can now see h ow the managers of these two companies strategically implemented their business plans and goals. As for the Systemax Inc, the bankruptcy of Circuit City is a blessing not only because a giant competitor has closed operations, it can now enjoy the existing infrastructures and other stakeholders of the said company. With 14 million dollars cash plus a share of future revenue generated from those assets over a 30-month period, the managers of Circuit City can now address its internal concerns with the employees and customers.The employees can now receive separation payments as deemed by the Labor laws and the customers can now ask for refunds for the defective products sold at Circuit City. References ACQUISITION. (2006). In Dictionary of Finance and Investment Terms. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from http://www. credoreference. com. ezproxy. stedwards. edu:5000/entry/barronsfin/acquisition Morath, E. (2009, April 14). Circuit city aims to sell br and name to systemax. Wall Street Journal (Eastern Edition), p. B. 6. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from Wall Street Journal database. (Document ID: 1678320131).

Treasury, Foreign Exchange and Financialization Essay

Treasury, Foreign Exchange and Financialization - Essay Example The table below which is labeled – Table 1 shows the principal repayments schedule for the $200mn facility provided by Toronto Dominion Bank (TD). These were used as a basis for calculating the interest payments in the appendix. ... This has resulted in a difference of $2.4m in overpayment. These repayments were used as a basis in calculating the interest payments in the appendix. The table in the appendix shows the most likely scenario, a high interest scenario and a low interest scenario for CRP as a basis for deciding which of the three hedging strategies is most favorable. The interest payments on the swap option were calculated semi-annually in keeping with the requirements of that option. The interest rates used to calculate the quarterly interest payments were adjusted to reflect the effects on the interest paid interest on the loan by the corresponding hedging strategy. Therefore, the information does not reflect whether CRP or the other party gained from the interest rate swap, interest rate cap or the interest rate collar hedging strategies. The aim of the schedule is to determine which hedging strategy provided the best option in terms of being the least expensive for CRP. The table in the appendix sh ows the interest payments on the $200mn loan under the three hedging strategies and for each scenario. Most likely scenario Table 2 indicates that under the most likely scenario the interest rate swap option provides the best hedging alternative with a required interest payment of $53.7mn and an average interest rate of 11.31% for the three year period (interest remaining fixed throughout the period). This compares favorably with a required interest payment of $59mn and an average interest rate of 11.65% on the interest rate cap option. The interest payment required on the interest rate collar option is $59.6mn with an average interest rate of 11.77%. The loan agreement indicates that the interest rate charged on the hedging instrument should not exceed

Question about western world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Question about western world - Essay Example The similarity between these immigrations was the large-scale arrival of Irish catholic immigrants in Canada and United States, which were protestant domains. The Irish immigrants provided the labour force needed in America and Canadian agricultural lands. It is evident that the United States adapted restrictive policies such as the Chinese exclusion act to prevent immigrants from getting into the United States (Diner 3). In Canada, immigrants were grouped in a descending manner with Italians, Irish, Jews, blacks and Chinese immigrants occupying the lower part of the series (thecanadianencyclopedia.com, â€Å"Immigration). The great western migration era in Canada corresponded to the flood migrations era in the United States. The immigrants in these eras were largely non-English speaking immigrants, and they were non-Protestants. The immigrants of these eras were pivotal in the industrial labour pool. The legislating immigration was adapted to control immigration into the United States. Canada also came up with medical provisions that restricted immigration into Canada. Such restrictions determine the number of immigrants who enter Canada and the United States. Free trade zones are determined geographically. Latin America and Caribbean account for 48% of worldwide Free Trade zones whereas Asia account for 42%. The Caribbean free trade zone employs 1.2 million workforces while the Asia free trade zone employs 3 million employees. The free trade zone promotes regionalism among the Caribbean countries. Williams observes that, without regionalism, the economic performance of the Caribbean countries is poor. Regionalism in the Caribbean will ensure free conversion of currencies to ease trade negotiations, free trade zones allow the free movement of individuals within the region this allows access to work. The free trade zone ensures the removal of implicit and explicit anti-export biases. The Caribbean countries also enjoy free access to

Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Autobiography - Essay Example one brother and one sister. I am the eldest of all my siblings. Starting from the days of my childhood I always had a keen interest in education and that is the reason I decided to pursue some degree to achieve a successful career. Born in Mongolia we never were modern enough to know about a lot of things in the modern world and that is why I had to face several difficulties when I moved from Mongolia. My childhood was a pleasant journey for me as I gained a lot of knowledge during my childhood. After reaching an age of twenty one me and my parents moved over to the United States but had to face several problems because of the new culture that we found here. Now after living here for five years I have become used to this culture and consider myself an important part of USA. My childhood was filled with good memories about my parents and siblings as we used to live together happily as a family. My siblings were always nice to me and had my support in whatever problem that they faced i n their life. As I was the eldest of my siblings I had to take some responsibilities whenever it came to my siblings. I was very possessive about my sister and brother when they were young and solved a lot of problems that they were going through in their childhood. Once my brother was being bullied by his classmates and someone told me about it. I ran to the scene and a fight broke out between the bullies and my friends after which they never even talked to my brother. My sister has always been a powerful figure in life and has solved her problems by herself. She has been quite competitive in her class and is the best amongst us in studies. I started studying when I was at the age of six years. I joined Mongolian Russian joint school to complete my high school. During my school life I had to go through a lot of ups and downs. I was interested in sports and joined the school team of basketball. While I contributed to the sports of my school I also worked hard for my studies and was good in the subjects of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. I was involved in other activities while I was studying for my high school. After I entered high school I started modelling and went to the competitions of modelling. Although I could not win I learned quite a few things and had exposure in the new arena of modelling. Ever since I entered high school I learned about the concept of diversity. In my class I had many students who belonged to different countries and spoke different languages. Seeing these people I developed a keen interest in their languages and decided to increase my knowledge in the subject of diversity. Ever since my high school I have been interested in learning about new cultures and have gained much about the concept of diversity. Multilingual classrooms proved to be somewhat helpful for me in gaining different concepts. As I developed a keen interest in learning about new culture I also visited several places in Russia and China. Seeing the people over t here at first I got a bit confused as the people living in China and Russia followed different traditions. After viewing their traditions and culture I researched on them and found quite interesting things about them. Visiting China and Russia increased my knowledge about their history which I previously was unknown about. All these points have counted for me so that I can understand life in a better way. I completed my high school at the age of 16 and struggled ahead to complete my educational career. Life in itself is an experience for every

An evaluation of the training programme and how it effects performance Literature review

An evaluation of the training programme and how it effects performance at debenhams -westfield - Literature review Example The study relates the concept of performance management and training implementation to Debenhams, in regards to the manner in which it applies the training methods and how it affects the company's competency and performance rate. Performance is defined as being able to finish a task that is measured against certain standards such as completeness, accuracy, speed and cost. In a contractual agreement, performance can be regarded as a completion or fulfillment of an obligation, which unbinds the person from the liabilities within the signed agreement (Torrington, Hall & Taylor, 2008). Most define performance as the act of accomplishing a task and producing an outcome in line with the objective. Others believe that as long as a result is presented, it is an acceptable performance as it is; and if the objectives are not met, the rate of performance is not at par as projected. Performance cannot be evaluated through the outcome alone, as results are triggered by actions that cause it. Asid e from the efforts made to produce a result, other aspects that can affect the outcome can be both external and internal factors (Institutional Management in Higher Education, 2009). Assessing performance by means of the results alone is not appropriate. There are several objectives imposed by the management that can be utilized as constructive means to evaluate the result, but appraising a performance solely on results reflects a company’s poor policy. Other variables that either have an indirect or direct effect towards the result must also be accounted for; as such influences can have severe impacts on the outcome (Torrington, et al, 2008). Performance Management Performance management includes two different kinds of management. One aspect of evaluating performance is through the expert opinion of an analyst, who would be responsible in monitoring the performance of the company as a whole. The other method in which career efficiency can be assessed is through the constant appraisal the managers of its employees in meeting the company’s objectives. This includes assisting employees in reaching goals and expectations, thus ensuring that the company would perform better as a whole (Porter, Bingham & Simmonds, 2008). The organization of the employees’ performance varies per individual. In general, it comprises planning and establishing objectives, and presenting feedbacks and reviews. Proper management also includes commendations through rewards for high performers, and opportunities for one to become skilled at one’s chosen discipline. Management of employee performance is more ideal if the goals are reliable and consistent (Bloisi, 2007). This implies that the management must present a clear way in disseminating information regarding the expected quality of work at present and in the future. Planning the objectives also constitutes classifying the employer’s prospect of his personnel, so as not to seem broadsided during the course of assessing criteria in performance development (Porter, et al, 2008). Planning and setting objectives and goals in a company is one of the critical components of performance management, as it offers an a fair and proper evaluations system in which employees can undergo proper training, workshops and seminars necessitate to increase one’s aptitude and proficiency (Porter, et al, 2008). An ideal performance manag

Comparative Financial Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Comparative Financial Reporting - Essay Example Material misstatements are misstatements that can affect users' decisions on the financial statements of a company. The auditor may either issue an unmodified opinion (when the financial statements are not materially misstated or a modified opinion (when the financial statements are materially misstated). (McMeeking, 2006). This paper examines contemporary issues between International Financial Reporting IFRS and the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GAAP. The IASB / FASB project on revising the conceptual Framework has removed ' substance over form'. (IASB / FASB May 2008, Exposure Draft, Conceptual framework for Financial Reporting ) . The explanation is: BC2.19. The Boards concluded that faithful representation means that financial reporting information represent the substance of an economic phenomenon rather than solely its legal form. To represent legal form that differs from the economic substance of the underlying economic phenomenon could not result in a faithful representation. Accordingly, the proposed framework does not identify substance over form as a component of faithful representation because to do so would be redundant. However, the fair value view assumes that market are relatively perfect and complete and that in such a setting financial reports should satisfy both the interest of passive investors and creditors by stating a current value derived from the current market prices. An alternative view to this doctrine assumes that markets are imperfect and incomplete and that in such a market settings, monitoring requirements of shareholders should be catered for. To conclude therefore, in the words of Whittington (2007), the practical supports of two views is unrealistic as in a realistic market setting; the search for a universal measurement method may be fruitless. According to Whittington (2007), a more appropriate approach to the measurement problem might be to define a clear measurement objective and to select the measurement that best meet the objective. 1. 2.0 Identify and comment on what you regard as the 4 most significant accounting policy differences between IFRS's and US GAAP ' (200 words) International Accounting Standards (IAS/IFRS) are a set of accounting standards promulgated by the International Accounting Standards committee (IASC) and intended to be used as a basis for cross-border capital raising and listing in global financial markets. (Asbaugh, 2001). The main goal of the International set of Accounting Standards is to standardise the financial and accounting method disclosures of firms in different nations. That is, if firms follow the same set of accounting standards, their external financial reports will provide more uniform disclosures and thus investors would make more use of the variables inherent in the financial statements. (Asbaugh, 2001). Also, firms and investors would benefit from financial statements prepared following an international set of accounting standards. (Asbaugh, 2001). In meeting with the above objectives, the European Union issued regulation 1606/2002 of July 19, 2002 requiring that all companies listed in the European Union and European listed companies in other countries to adopt international accounting standards in their Financial statements from 1st January 2005 onwards. The regulation also gave member states the

Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

2 - Assignment Example The in-depth interviews involved a word association exercise with the informants. A diagram that shows the concepts that students relate to marketing was developed, based on the results of in-depth interviews, indicating the most frequently occurring connections. A detailed explanation of what was learnt about how college students view marketing was provided. As indicated earlier, the informants comprised of four college students who are not business majors. The main aim was to find out the perceptions of these students on marketing. The following questions were asked during the in-depth interviews and the informants were allowed to provide their responses in detail: The first informant defined marketing as the act of advertising and promotion of products or services. The second informant claimed that he understood marketing as an effort that is carried out to create brand awareness. The third informant linked marketing to consumer research, whereby she said that all marketing personnel should possess the ability to find out about the needs of consumers so that they can sell appropriate products and services to them. The fourth respondent defined marketing as manipulation of a consumer’s beliefs to enhance selling. According to the four informants, marketing involves various activities. For instance, one informant said that promotion, which is majorly carried out through advertising was the main activity of marketing. Another respondent perceived pricing and retail decision making as a major activity of marketing. Creation of brand awareness by marketing personnel was perceived as one of the main activities of marketing by one of the respondents. On the other hand, one of the informants claimed that the main activity of market research, which enables marketers to create a brand by carrying out quality research on how consumers perceive a product, service or organization. This research involves the identification of clients’ needs, and

Technology and Decision Making Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technology and Decision Making - Research Paper Example Most doctors prescribe some type of drug to patients after visits. In the past the doctor would write the prescription and make a note in the patient’s medical record. Nowadays doctors used a computerized system to keep track of the different prescriptions that are prepared for the patients. The use of technology has improved the quality of patient care without adding any additional costs to the service from the perspective of the patient. Technology has revolutionized the way doctors’ deal with patient treatment. In the past if the doctors had any doubts about the right treatment for the patient the doctors had to dig through the collection of books and literature to find solutions for the patient. Technology has made books virtually obsolete as doctors can use technological devices such as PDA or smartphones to gain access to databases of medical information. The internet is another valuable technological resource doctors can use to gain access to valuable information that can be used to improve patient care. The invoicing function of doctors’ offices has become automated as doctors are using technology to achieve electronic billing. One of the advantages of electronic billing is that minimizes the work associated with medical invoicing and in theory this method will enable doctors to receive payment faster from the insurance companies. Some of the medical fields that will benefit from technology in the coming years include antiviral drugs, biotechnology, digital diagnostic technology, molecular diagnosis, tissues and organ transplantation (Suad, et al., 2009). Technology has helped humanity in many ways including major advancements in the diagnostic and treatment of diseases. 2. During the past 20 years the medical field has seen a lot of advances in the care patients receive due to advancements in technology. Technology has positively influence the health care field. Technology is used through the entire supply chain in the healthcare f ield. Pharmaceutical companies take advantage of technology in their research and development process of creating new drugs. It is estimated that every new drug cost over $800 million to produce. Technology has improved patient care in a variety of ways. One of the aspects of technology that has changed the way medicine is performed is diagnostic medicine. Hospital and doctors are using machines such as X-rays machines to make more accurate diagnostic of a patient’s conditions. Technology has also improved the labs test doctors prescribe in order to determine the possible causes of a disease. Today due to advancements in technology laboratory test are faster, cheaper, and more reliable than ever before. Doctors that have advanced degrees such as surgeons benefit from technology since the tools they use are highly advanced. Take for example doctors dedicated to performing laser surgery on the eyes. These types of procedures when it came out 20 years ago cost nearly $50,000. To day due to advancements in technology a person can receive the same treatment for a few thousand dollars. The treatment of many diseases such as cancer has come a long way due to technology. Cancer patients today due to technological advances can receive chimotherary to alleviate the condition and extend the patient’s life. A lot of other health conditions are now treatable due to technologi

Lab Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Lab Report - Essay Example Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that, together, laid the foundation for classical mechanics. They describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, and its motion in response to those forces. This report stresses that Newtons laws find many applications in the life experiences for example, rocket and jet propulsion in which the third law is widely applied, garden sprinklers, firing guns, dynamic lift and balances of forces in helicopter among many applications. The major limitations of Newtons laws in motion is that they cannot be applied in objects travelling at the speed of light. Additionally newtons laws fail when they are applied to very small objects such as atomic and subatomic particles in which they fail in the concepts of quantum mechanics. This paper makes a conclusion that the free body diagrams enable one to set the problem properly and solve for the unknown forces that act on a body in real life situations. The diagrams learnt in this Lab are useful in understanding what is likely to happen to a body before applying the equations of motion. The distance time graphs are very useful in approximating various quantities such as the possible time one can take to travel from one place to another, the critical velocities and acceleration necessary to avoid accidents and crashes. Additionally, one is able to understand the conditions feelt when one uses an elevator system and the manufacturers of the elevators apply the knowledge while making and installing elevators.

Library Media Center Essay Example for Free

Library Media Center Essay Libraries have always been a source of knowledge and almost unlimited information for students, lovers of literature, and researchers. The ability to find the information needed is in the hands of the Librarian. This individual is well versed in all library materials from microfiche to non-fiction books and the fastest way to access these materials. This reflection paper examines three programs and technologies associated with Library Media, along with the qualities required for an outstanding Media Library Manager. As technology has advanced so has its place in the library realm. Library Media Programs The media programs found in school libraries operated by certified teacher-librarians give students access to various resources that help the students become well versed in their academic world. The learning requirements for school students continue to advance and students need some help to meet that challenge. This is also an area that is important to the district as well as individual schools. The following is a list of five library media programs that will be beneficial to schools, teachers, and students. Reading Promotion Under this program literature gets a breath of fresh air. Stories and concepts that might have seem boring and outdated to modern day school children gain a new appreciation and critical thinking through activities such as readers advisories, booktalks, and awards programs (OSPI). Modern day students are several generations removed from the time of Shakespeare and the concepts of old English. It is important to show the students that Macbeth, Othello, and other classical forms of literature can teach them modern day life skills. By engaging the students in critical thinking to determine how classical literature can be used in their everyday lives keeps these magnificent works alive in the hearts of the next generation and they serve a functional purpose. Information Resource Management In order to ensure that all the materials students need are readily available, up to date and easily located there must be a high degree of resource management. Some ways to make sure these resources are properly catalogues are: library collections, databases, web pages, and/or instructional resources (OSPI). Children live in the world of ease of use and quick access. If students come into the school library and cannot find the information they need then they will not come back or only come back when absolutely necessary? Curriculum Instruction Collaboration As mentioned in the previous section students come into the library to find resources in order to answer questions about their homework, get information for papers, and study for tests. It is important that the teachers and the librarians stay in touch when it comes to the school curriculum (OSPI). Communication between the two parties allows for the right materials for the job and various forms of those materials to be distributed or available to the students. In this ways learning is made much simpler. Information Services This is the area where print and electronic information resources come together. It is imperative that students and teachers are taught the most effective means to access and use these materials (OSPI). Without specific training students may become frustrated and then waist time doing unproductive activities. Also, the teachers need to appear knowledgeable to the students. Students need to have the ability to access knowledge from print in traditional ways as well as the knowledge to gather electronic information in the modern way. Library Program Advocacy Communicate the school library programs vision, goals, and learning objectives to administration, staff, parents, and community to advance the program and its role in the learning environment (OSPI). Libraries like any other department or program require funding in order to compete with other departments and programs. The library is only known for dusty books  and as a place of study; this may not interest children or their parents. The community, the parents, and the children must all be well informed about the importance of the library for their own educational purposes as well as those of future generations. The next section is dedicated to the types of technologies that libraries use in relation to its media. Library Media Technologies There are different types of technologies to be had when dealing with the library. One of the most common is the personal computer that has been integrated into the system. There are also additional technologies such as Web 2. 0 and Library 2. 0, which will be discussed in detail in the next sections. Computers Computer is devices used to store, retrieved, produce, and search for resources. Personal computers are used by adults and children to surf the Internet, chat online, complete work projects and homework assignments. It stands to reason that computers would make their way into the library system. The card catalogue has been a long standing record keeper in the library world. This collection of information on materials and their location was often housed in big wood or metal cabinets that the students would need to access. The information about the materials was literally printed on cards that the children had to read in order to fiction, non-fiction and other assortments of resources. Now with the advent of computers the card catalogue has been revolutionized. All the information found on the cards in the card catalogue can now be found on the computer in an electronic database. This is much easier for the library patrons because any computer in the library will have the information and there is no longer a need to line up in a central location to get resource information. Also, the need to consult with the librarian reduces because the patrons can now find the information for themselves. There are even programs on the computers that tell the patrons exactly where to go to find the materials. If after all the information is given from the electronic card catalogue and the patron still cannot find the location then the librarian is summoned. At first this might seem like a bad thing because librarians need jobs but this new freedom allows the librarians to become better skilled at finding and teaching patrons how to best utilize the library media resources. This education includes ways to use both the regular and the electronic card catalogues. There is always the possibility that the Intranet or Internet will go down but that will not stop the need to study and get homework done. Speaking of the electronic means to complete assignments it is time to discuss Web 2. 0 and Library 2. 0. Web 2. 0 Web 2. 0 incorporates these concepts: collaboration, wisdom of crowds, personalization, community, web-based, and transparency (Vacek). This new program has broadened the horizons of Internet users. One of the hottest ideas was creating a personal websites that others could see, interact with, and then possibly leave comments. Now this idea has evolved into blogging websites. An individual can post a question or place a statement and then open the floor for several different users to provide their opinions and help exchange their knowledge. This is part of that sense of community discussed in the previous paragraph. It is important to note that anyone using information from websites such as blogs should double check the information with sources from the school library database and other trusted academic websites. These are the websites that end in . org and . gov. Moving patrons to another leave is Library 2. 0. Library 2. 0 Any service, physical or virtual, that successfully reaches users, is evaluated frequently, and makes sue of customer input is a Library 2. 0 service. Even older, traditional services can be Library 2. 0 if criteria are met (Vacek). Library 2. 0 can provide magazines online for students and adults to access at any point in time. It provides links to websites such as LinkedIn and Facebook which are types of community websites. The first is based on a community of professionals. Facebook, an important form of social media, provides a chance for students and adults to access company information and also to provide their information for potential jobs. Library 2. 0 has advanced features such as library suggestion box, globally available services, and making information easier to find and access (Vacek). Traditionally, the suggestion box was a box located within a building that was specifically designed to get feedback from patrons about a product or service that might need improvement. Now patrons can access suggestions boxes online in the form of feedback. Globally availability of services means that patrons are no long shackled to one location. Anyone with an online connection can access the information from any location. And of course as talked about previously the very usage of computers with the proper training provides ease of use for the patrons. The next section is dedicated to librarians and how they utilize the media in the library. Media Management Librarians It was previously mentioned that the librarian was the primary helper of the library patrons. These were the experts that performed almost all the library functions for the patrons. These individuals showed the patrons were the card catalogue was located, how to read the information on the cards and then directed them to the location of the sought after materials. In many cases the librarians had to go with the patrons to find the information which could be a hassle sometimes. While one person was being led by the librarian the other patrons would most likely have to wait depending on the number of librarians were available to assist. There were times when the librarian would actually retrieve the information for the patrons and then stamp the books to let the patrons know when the materials were due for return. In the modern world of library media management the entire process of finding and acquiring materials is very different. The librarian is still the resource person but in a different capacity. Since the advent of technology almost all the materials and resources the patrons need can now be found through the electronic database. This means that a patron can access the electronic card catalogue from any computer in the library. The location and availability of the resource in question will be displayed on the screen. The interaction between the librarian and the patrons becomes that of teacher and resource guide. The librarians now have the job of adequately training the patrons, new and old about the electronic databases and how to effectively use them to find materials. It is also important for the librarians to teach the patrons how to use the traditional means to find information like the actual card catalogue. There are certain characteristics required to make an effective media librarian such as certification to best satisfy and assist the patrons. Media Librarian Characteristics One of the main characteristics required for an excellent media librarian manager is certification. A professionally-trained library media specialist can optimize each of the other impact factors (quality of information resources, level of patron usage, and level of instructional collaboration), maximizing their program’s impact on student achievement (Spinks). The level of achievement that is obtained from having certified media librarian managers continues to increase. This does not mean the uncertified staff members no longer serve a purpose. These individuals would be better suited for positions such as clerical workers and operational task assistants. Another way that certification can help make the media library experience more effective is to link the curriculum of the teachers with the library materials that are available for the students. Sometimes when I teacher creates a curriculum or is given one for the students during a school year that are supplemental materials needed to complete the assignments. These materials may not be available with the original set of books for the class. When the certified media librarians and the teachers work together all the materials needed can be reasonability acquired. With the new tools provided by technology the students could easily get access to the materials through the Internet or the electronic database. The students could learn about new resources such as GoogleSholar if academic journals and materials are needed. There will be some materials that the students are not allowed to take out of the library but at least the students will have the information available for their use. The librarian can get a list of materials for the subjects that teachers do submit and then order those materials. The media librarian and the teachers  can communicate through e-mail or face to face in order to discuss any changes that need to be made after the order has come in. It has also been briefly discussed how additional training is needed and administered by the media librarian. The concept of the teaching is quite simple; the media librarian is an expert concerning the new technologies and programs that are used within the library. It then becomes the librarians responsibly to make sure that the patrons are familiar with the new technologies and programs so they can retrieve resources faster. Trainings can be conducted during the time the students are in the library or special times may be allotted for this type of training. The trainings can be repeated as needed when new material comes out, new technologies are implemented, or new programs have been added to the media library. Diversity is very important and the media librarian must take that into consideration when authorizing new technologies and programs. The media library materials need to include information about African Americans, Asian Americans, Islamic Americans, LGBT, and disabled patrons. Materials available in Braille and also that are voice activated would be very important to the learning process of the individual. Another benefit is the opportunity to learn about another culture from materials that are located in the library. Conclusion The sources of knowledge and information for the modern day patron are no longer isolated to printed materials and the traditional library. Even the traditional librarian has undergone a huge change. Programs like advocacy coupled with technologies such Library 2.0 are able to draw in more interested parties and with the help of a certified librarian the possibilities to new knowledge are expounded. The more the patrons become familiarized with the materials and how to get them the more time the librarian can take on improving his or her own skills concerning. In the near future there may be no need for these gladiators of the new library world. It would be possible for people to download information directly into their devices with a tutorial on how to use them. Only time will tell the wonders of this new media concerning libraries, librarians, and patrons. Let’s keep our eyes open. References  Spinks, A. (2009). Library Media Programs and Student Achievement. Retrieved May 13, 2013 from http://www. cobbk12. org/librarymedia/proof/research. pdf State of Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI). (n. d. ). School Library Media Programs and Teacher-Librarians. Retrieved May 13, 2013 from http://www. k12. wa. us/SchoolLibrary/ Wools, B. (2008). The school library media manager (4th ed. ). Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited. Vacek, R. (n. d. ). Technology Trends in Libraries Today Tomorrow. Retrieved May 13, 2013 from http://www. slideshare. net/vacekrae/technology-trends-in-libraries-today-tomorrow.

Procesos Industriales y de Servicio

Procesos Industriales y de Servicio Cadena de valor: es un modelo teà ³rico que permite describir el desarrollo de las actividades de una organizacià ³n empresarial, descrito y popularizado por Michael E. Porter. La cadena de valor categoriza las actividades que producen valor aà ±adido en una organizacià ³n en dos tipos: las actividades primarias y las actividades de apoyo o auxiliares. Las actividades primarias se refieren a la creacià ³n fà ­sica del producto, su venta y el servicio posventa, y pueden tambià ©n a su vez, diferenciarse en sub-actividades. El modelo de la cadena de valor distingue cinco actividades primarias: Logà ­stica interna: comprende operaciones de recepcià ³n, almacenamiento y distribucià ³n de las materias primas. Operaciones (produccià ³n): recepcià ³n de las materias primas para transformarlas en el producto final. Logà ­stica externa: almacenamiento de los productos terminados y distribucià ³n del producto al consumidor. Marketing y Ventas: actividades con las cuales se da a conocer el producto. Servicio: de post-venta o mantenimiento, agrupa las actividades destinadas a mantener o realizar el valor del producto, mediante la aplicacià ³n de garantà ­as. Las actividades primarias està ¡n apoyadas o auxiliadas por las tambià ©n denominadas actividades secundarias: Infraestructura de la organizacià ³n: actividades que prestan apoyo a toda la empresa, como la planificacià ³n, contabilidad y las finanzas. Direccià ³n de recursos humanos: bà ºsqueda, contratacià ³n y motivacià ³n del personal. Desarrollo de tecnologà ­a, investigacià ³n y desarrollo: obtencià ³n, mejora y gestià ³n de la tecnologà ­a. Abastecimiento (compras): proceso de compra de los materiales. Para cada actividad de valor aà ±adido han de ser identificados los generadores de costes y valor 2. Identificacià ³n y priorizacià ³n de macroprocesos Las empresas y sus divisiones autà ³nomas dirigen sus asuntos principales por medio de grandes sistemas de uso repetido que son intrà ­nsecamente multifuncionales llamados macroprocesos. La mayorà ­a de los macroprosesos son procesos empresariales que tienen sus papeles dentro del concepto de sacar nuevos productos, procesar los pedidos de los clientes, cobrar, contratar empleados, entre otros. Los macroprocesos reciben informacià ³n de los proveedores, procesan esta informacià ³n, producen productos concretos y sirven esos productos a los clientes, externos e internos. El procesamiento realizado concuerda con la definicià ³n de proceso: serie sistemà ¡tica de acciones dirigidas al logro de un objetivo. Cuando las empresas crecen los macroprosesos se vuelven muy numerosos. Un macroproceso consiste en muchos segmentos llamados microprocesos. Cada uno se lleva a cabo dentro de una unidad organizativa funcional que, con frecuencia, està ¡ presidida por un supervisor de primera là ­nea. En resumen, los macroprocesos son aquellos que tienen mà ¡s de un proceso. 3. Diagramas de relacià ³n, interdisciplinarios y de flujo. Las herramientas que permiten visualizar mejor las rutas hacia el cambio son: los diagramas de relacià ³n, de proceso y de flujo. Los diagramas ayudan a dar visibilidad a trabajo. Ayudan a documentar las rutas que se emplean para satisfacer al cliente. El anà ¡lisis de estos diagramas permiten aumentar identificar acciones de mejora o cambio como: reducir tiempo de ciclo, disminuir defectos, bajar costos, medir desempeà ±os, reducir nà ºmero de pasos que no proporcionan valor agregado, etc. Se convierten en requisitos previos e importantes para tener à ©xito en el rediseà ±o estructural, reingenierà ­a o benchmarking. Diagrama de relacià ³n: Indica las interrelaciones o và ­nculos existentes entre los clientes y proveedores en las distintas partes de la organizacià ³n. Visià ³n global que describe las interacciones entre las principales funciones de la empresa. Es una imagen de las conexiones de entrada y salida (clientes y proveedores) entre las partes de una organizacià ³n, como las funciones, departamentos, divisiones o à ¡reas Diagrama de procesos interdisciplinarios: Muestran la forma en que los principales procesos atraviesan los là ­mites de varias funciones. Revela quà © ocurre en el interior y muestra la secuencia de pasos de los procesos productivos, entradas y salidas. Ilustran la forma de hacer el trabajo en las organizaciones, las trayectorias que siguen los insumos al ser transformados en resultados que los clientes valoran. Flujogramas: Herramienta mà ¡s conocida para ilustrar procesos productivos. Para definir, documentar y analizar procesos, con nivel alto de detalle. Un flujograma es la representacià ³n grà ¡fica de las secuencias de pasos que integran un proceso.   Mientras mà ¡s informacià ³n se incorpore serà ¡ de mà ¡s utilidad. Existen tres mà ©todos bà ¡sicos para recolectar la informacià ³n necesaria para crear un diagrama: Auto generacià ³n. Cuando se domina completamente el proceso. Entrevistas personalizadas. Con proveedores, operarios y clientes del proceso. Validacià ³n. Entrevista en grupo. Participacià ³n conjunta de todas las personas relevantes e involucradas, para la creacià ³n y validacià ³n del diagrama. El criterio mà ¡s importante para seleccionar el proceso es el impacto que tiene sobre el valor que percibe el cliente. Seleccionar los procesos que realizan las mà ¡ximas contribuciones al cliente como clase mundial y alta competitividad. Existen Otros criterios como la reduccià ³n de costos, reduccià ³n de tiempo de ciclo o respuesta, minimizar o eliminar defectos, cuellos de botella, tecnologà ­a obsoleta, etc. 4. Descripcià ³n de procesos Informacià ³n bà ¡sica (encabezado) Nombre del proceso Responsable o dueà ±o del proceso Cliente (persona, à ¡rea, depto. o empresa) Inicio Final Fecha en la cual se hace la descripcià ³n del proceso. Versià ³n Quià ©n lo elaborà ³ Quià ©n lo autorizà ³ Observaciones   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Elementos que constituyen la descripcià ³n del proceso ENTRADAS ACTIVIDADES RESPONSABLE SALIDAS Documentos o productos Accià ³n que se realiza con los elementos de entrada para producir las salidas. Deben de expresarse con verbos activos Personas o personas que ejecutan la accià ³n. Documentos o productos. FORMATO PARA DESCRIPCIÓN DE PROCESOS CRà TICOS IDENTIFICADOS A continuacià ³n se presenta el formato para que cada persona describa el proceso indicado. NOMBRE DEL PROCESO_________________________________________ DUEÑO DEL PROCESO__________________________________________ INICIO DEL PROCESO: __________________________________________ FINALIZACIÓN DEL PROCESO: __________________________________ CLIENTE_______________________________________________________ FECHA_____________________VERSIÓN: __________________________ ENTRADAS ACTIVIDADES RESPONSABLE SALIDAS Elaborado por:_______________________  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Aprobado por: _____________________ Fecha: _______________   Circulacià ³n: ______________________________________ 5. Rediseà ±o y validacià ³n de proceso Para ser competitivos deberà ­amos de abandonar las viejas ideas acerca de cà ³mo se debà ­a organizar   y dirigir un negocio. La reingenierà ­a significa volver a empezar, arrancando de cero. En esencia, la idea està ¡ en el pensamiento discontinuo. La identificacià ³n y el abandono de reglas anticuadas y de supuestos fundamentales que sustentan las operaciones o procesos corrientes. La reingenierà ­a es la revisià ³n fundamental   y el rediseà ±o radical de los procesos para alcanzar mejoras espectaculares en medidas crà ­ticas y contemporà ¡neas de rendimiento, tales como costos, calidad, servicio y rapidez. METODOLOGà A I: FASE I Filosofà ­a empresarial: Visià ³n, Misià ³n y Valores. Definir la empresa (productos o servicios, competencia, estructura, etc.) Identificacià ³n de procesos Clasificacià ³n de procesos crà ­ticos (cadena de valor) Diagrama de interrelaciones de procesos crà ­ticos FASE II Mapeo de procesos crà ­ticos. Recursos, documentos, apoyo e indicadores de eficiencia   y eficacia. Descripcià ³n de procesos crà ­ticos. Construccià ³n de diagramas de los procesos crà ­ticos.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   FASE III Validacià ³n de los procesos. Complementar los procesos con medidas importantes dependiendo del tipo de proceso (tiempo, distancia, satisfaccià ³n.) Anà ¡lisis de Valor Agregado. Eliminar lo no necesario y que no agregue valor. Tratar de mejorar las necesarias que no agregan valor en cuanto a la dimensià ³n clave. FASE IV Analizar y rediseà ±ar los procesos. Cuantificar las mejoras. Validar el nuevo proceso Programar su implementacià ³n. Proyectar los beneficios Seguimiento y evaluacià ³n. Mejora de los procesos. METODOLOGIA II: PREPARACIÓN: 1.1 Reconocer la necesidad 1.2 Desarrollar consenso ejecutivo 1.3 Capacitar al equipo 1.4 Planificar el cambio IDENTIFICACIÓN: 2.1 Modelar clientes 2.2 Definir y medir rendimiento 2.3 Definir entidades 2.4 Modelar procesos 2.5 Identificar actividades 2.6 Extender modelo de proceso 2.7 Correlacionar organizacià ³n 2.8 Correlacionar recursos 2.9 Fijar prioridades de procesos VISIÓN: 3.1 Entender estructura del proceso 3.2 Entender el flujo del proceso 3.3 Identificar actividades de valor agregado 3.4 Referenciar rendimiento 3.5 Determinar impulsores del rendimiento 3.6 Calcular oportunidad 3.7 Visualizar el ideal (externo) 3.8 Visualizar el ideal (interno) 3.9 Integrar visiones 3.10 Definir subdivisiones SOLUCIÓN: Diseà ±o tà ©cnico 4 A1. Modelar relaciones de entidades 4 A2. Reexaminar conexiones de los procesos 4 A3. Instrumentar e informar 4 A4. Consolidar interfaces e informacià ³n 4 A5. Redefinir alternativas 4 A6. Reubicar y reprogramar controles 4 A7. Modularizar 4 A8. Especificar implantacià ³n 4 A9. Aplicar tecnologà ­a 4 A10. Planificar implementacià ³n SOLUCIÓN: Diseà ±o Social 4 B1. Facultar a empleados que tienen contacto con clientes 4 B2. Identificar grupos de caracterà ­sticas de cargos 4 B3. Definir cargos / equipos 4 B4. Definir necesidades de destrezas y personal 4 B5. Especificar la estructura gerencial 4 B6. Rediseà ±ar fronteras organizacionales 4 B7. Especificar cambios de cargos 4 B8. Diseà ±ar planes de carreras 4 B9. Definir organizacià ³n de transicià ³n 4 B10. Diseà ±ar programa de gestià ³n del cambio 4 B11. Diseà ±ar incentivos 4 B12. Planificar implementacià ³n TRANSFORMACIÓN: 5.1 Completar diseà ±o del sistema 5.2 Ejecutar diseà ±o tà ©cnico 5.3 Desarrollar planes de prueba y de introduccià ³n 5.4 Evaluar al personal 5.5 Construir sistema 5.6 Capacitar al personal 5.7 Hacer prueba piloto del nuevo proceso 5.8 Refinamiento y transicià ³n 5.9 Mejora continua ESTRUCTURA Là ­der. Alto ejecutivo que autoriza y motiva el esfuerzo total de la reingenierà ­a. Actuar como visionario y motivador, ideando, exponiendo la visià ³n del tipo de organizacià ³n que desea crear, comunica a todo el personal el sentido y propà ³sito. Debe tener autoridad sobre los recursos necesarios. Ser un autà ©ntico là ­der, vigoroso, emprendedor, convencido y conocedor. Dueà ±o del proceso. Gerente responsable de un proceso especà ­fico y del esfuerzo. Tiene la responsabilidad de rediseà ±ar su proceso. Debe acomodarse al cambio y ser sereno ante la adversidad. Motiva, inspira y asesoras a los equipos. Equipo. Grupo de individuos dedicados a rediseà ±ar un proceso, lo diagnostican, supervisan y ejecutan. Producir ideas y planes para convertirlos en realidades. Capacitarse, inventar y descubrir, creatividad y sà ­ntesis. Comità © Directivo. Cuerpo formulador de polà ­ticas, desarrollan estrategias y supervisan el progreso. Priorizan, asignan recursos y resuelven conflictos. Zar. Individuo responsable de desarrollar tà ©cnicas e instrumentos y de lograr sinergia. Capacita y apoya; coordina las actividades. 6. Herramientas para la optimizacià ³n de procesos PROCESO HERRAMIENTAS 1. Identificar problemas para resolver y proyectos de mejora. à ¼ Recoleccià ³n de datos à ¼ Tormenta de ideas à ¼ Principio de Pareto 2. Investigar las verdaderas causas del problema y/o factores para un proyecto. à ¼ Grà ¡ficas e histogramas à ¼ Listas de verificacià ³n à ¼ Tormenta de ideas à ¼ Diagrama causa efecto à ¼ Principio de Pareto à ¼ Anà ¡lisis de registro de produccià ³n o inspeccià ³n. 3. Determinar las mejores opciones o soluciones. à ¼ Principio de Pareto à ¼ Tormenta de ideas 4. Aplicar y evaluar las soluciones. à ¼ Recoleccià ³n de datos à ¼ Listas de verificacià ³n à ¼ Grà ¡ficas e histogramas 5. Tomar acciones para evitar que el problema se repita o asegurar que el proyecto sea exitoso. à ¼ Conceptos modernos de control à ¼ Modelos de planeacià ³n. 6. Presentacià ³n a la Gerencia. à ¼ Presentacià ³n profesional con la participacià ³n de todos los involucrados. RECOLECCIÓN DE DATOS Consiste en la recopilacià ³n de datos en forma acumulativa y sistemà ¡tica que se efectà ºa sobre determinada situacià ³n (equipo, proceso, procedimiento, actitud u otros) en formatos adecuados como reportes, hojas de trabajo o formas claras y durante un perà ­odo de tiempo, que està ©n directa o indirectamente relacionados con la calidad y el servicio. Procedimiento: a) Plantear claramente los objetivos del proyecto o del problema a resolver b) Analizar cada caso para definir quà © se va a medir u observar c) Registrar y ordenar todos los datos obtenidos d) Relacionarlos de manera que puedan proporcionar informacià ³n confiable e) Procesar la informacià ³n obtenida y validarla con los expertos en el tema f) Ordenar los datos de acuerdo con el grado de importancia o impacto g) Seleccionar la informacià ³n relevante a la solucià ³n del problema o al à ©xito del proyecto. TORMENTA DE IDEAS Es una tà ©cnica que consiste en dar oportunidad a todos los miembros de un equipo de trabajo, para opinar y sugerir con relacià ³n a un determinado proyecto o problema. Procedimiento: a) Se coloca el grupo frente a un rotafolio en forma circular. b) Nombrar a la persona que escribirà ¡ las ideas c) Se inicia el aporte de ideas uno por uno de acuerdo con la direccià ³n de las agujas del reloj. d) Cada idea es registrada en el rotafolio por la persona designada e) No se permite interrumpir o censurar al expositor de turno f) Las ideas se van desarrollando por està ­mulo de las ideas de los otros g) Se da por finalizada esta fase, cuando todos hallan agotado sus ideas del tema en cuestià ³n. h) Anà ¡lisis y reflexiones: cada quià ©n analiza la lista de ideas generadas, se permiten las preguntas para aclaraciones, se descartan las ideas descabelladas o no posibles, se utiliza alguna tà ©cnica adecuada para ordenarlas de acuerdo con la importancia que el grupo   considere adecuada. PRINCIPIO DE PARETO En todo fenà ³meno que resulte como consecuencia de la intervencià ³n de varias causas o factores ordenados de mayor a menor, segà ºn sea su importancia, se encontrarà ¡ que un nà ºmero pequeà ±o de causas, que encabeza la lista, contribuye a la mayor parte del efecto; mientras que el grupo restante, contribuye a una pequeà ±a parte del efecto.    CAUSAS  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   EFECTO Pocos Vitales  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Muchos Triviales Grà ¡fica de Pareto: Es una grà ¡fica presentada por barras verticales en forma descendente, correspondiente a la priorizacià ³n dada por el principio de Pareto o regla 80/20. Procedimiento: a) Identificar el efecto que nos interesa analizar (proyecto o problema crà ­tico) b) Hacer lista de todas las posibles causas que contribuyen al efecto (tormenta de ideas), si es posible se puede de una vez cuantificar el impacto. c) Ordenar dichas causas basadas en su contribucià ³n de mayor a menor, con su peso cuantitativo real o por medio del porcentaje. d) Graficar en forma de barras para identificar los pocos vitales y los muchos triviales. DIAGRAMA CAUSA EFECTO O DE ISHIKAWA. Es una herramienta para el anà ¡lisis de causa efecto, utilizada para determinar acciones o soluciones a problemas identificados a travà ©s de un anà ¡lisis de Pareto. Este diagrama de Ishikawa se traza con una espina dorsal o là ­nea central que constituye e camino a la cabeza que es donde colocamos el efecto (proyecto o problema a resolver), hacia la cual se dirigen las espinas que està ¡n constituidas por las causas y sub-causas. Tà ©cnica de las 5M ´s: En las empresas se utiliza esta clasificacià ³n de causas, que aunque no es obligatoria, incluye la clasificacià ³n de causas en cinco categorà ­as, que la experiencia muestra que son prà ¡cticas y nos ayuda a ordenar la informacià ³n de una forma bastante simple. Las categorà ­as especà ­ficas son: à ¼ Mano de obra à ¼ Mà ©todos y procedimientos à ¼ Materiales à ¼ Maquinaria y equipo à ¼ Medio ambiente. Procedimiento: a) Definir el problema o situacià ³n a realizar. Normalmente derivado del anà ¡lisis de Pareto. b) Dibuje un cuadro o rectà ¡ngulo al lado derecho de la hoja o superficie en la cual va a construir el diagrama y escriba dentro del cuadro el problema o efecto. c) Dibuje una flecha horizontal de izquierda a derecha que llegue al cuadro dibujado d) Dibuje las espinas, cinco si decide utilizar las 5M ´s, rotulando cada una con las categorà ­as. e) Coloque cada una de las causas de acuerdo con su naturaleza en la categorà ­a que considere adecuada.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Utilice previamente la tormenta de ideas. f) Al terminar de la clasificacià ³n en el diagrama, determine las causas mà ¡s importantes para definir una accià ³n concreta. Mano de Obra  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Mà ©todos y Procedimientos Maquinaria y  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Materiales  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Medio ambiente Equipo CAUSAS EFECTO GRà FICAS ESTADà STICAS, HISTOGRAMA Las grà ¡ficas son representaciones de algà ºn fenà ³meno o evento cualquiera a travà ©s de figuras, sà ­mbolos, là ­neas, dibujos, etc   Al mismo tiempo, son herramientas de comunicacià ³n que permiten expresar de una forma muy clara, simple y efectiva lo que nos nà ºmeros muestran confusamente u ocultan. Procedimiento: a) Ordenar los datos en un formato adecuado para el efecto. b) Decidir quà © tipo de grà ¡fica serà ¡ à ºtil y verificar si se cuenta con los datos necesarios para construirla. c) Construir la grà ¡fica de acuerdo con los datos trazando en los casos que se necesiten los ejes horizontal (X) y vertical (X). d) Asigne la escala mà ¡s adecuada, buscando la proporcionalidad mà ¡s adecuada para el tipo de grà ¡fica que se construirà ¡. e) Dibuje a mano o con la ayuda de la computadora la grà ¡fica especà ­fica. f) Una puntos, correlacione variables, utilice porcentajes, etc.   dependiendo de si es una grà ¡fica de barras (verticales u horizontales), grà ¡fica de pastel o circular, un diagrama de dispersià ³n, una grà ¡fica de Pareto, un histograma, una grà ¡fica de control, etc. PRESENTACIÓN A LA GERENCIA Tambià ©n se denomina presentacià ³n de proyectos y es una de las actividades mà ¡s importantes y provechosas para los equipos, ya que todos tendrà ¡n la oportunidad de exponer frente a la gerencia. Consiste en presentar todo lo que se ha trabajado desde la tormenta de ideas para identificacià ³n de problemas o proyectos, hasta el planteamiento final de la solucià ³n, en la cual todos los integrantes de un equipo han aportado ideas, creatividad, trabajo y han colaborado para alcanzar el à ©xito. Procedimiento: Antes de la presentacià ³n: a) El equipo de trabajo debe prepararse y ordenar la presentacià ³n de su proyecto para que sea claro y preciso. b) Organizar, estableciendo un orden là ³gico de temas y asignarlos de tal manera que todos participen en la presentacià ³n.   c) Practicar la presentacià ³n para enmendar errores y cumplir con el tiempo designado. d) Preparar todos los detalles necesarios con anticipacià ³n, para evitar contratiempos. e) Asegurarse que en el lugar de la presentacià ³n donde se va a realizar està © bien acomodada y que se cuente con todos los recursos necesarios. f) Asegurarse que sean invitados y que asistan todas las personas que son vitales para la presentacià ³n. 7. Justo a tiempo Es una filosofà ­a industrial, que considera la reduccià ³n o eliminacià ³n de todo lo que implique desperdicio en las actividades de compras, fabricacià ³n, distribucià ³n y apoyo a la fabricacià ³n (actividades de oficina) en un negocio. El desperdicio se concibe como todo aquello que sea distinto de los recursos mà ­nimos absolutos de materiales, mà ¡quinas y mano de obra necesarios para agregar valor al producto. Justo a tiempo (JAT) implica producir sà ³lo exactamente lo necesario para cumplir las metas pedidas por el cliente, es decir producir el mà ­nimo nà ºmero de unidades en las menores cantidades posibles y en el à ºltimo momento posible, eliminando la necesidad de almacenaje, ya que las existencias mà ­nimas y suficientes llegan justo a tiempo para reponer las que acaban de utilizarse y la eliminacià ³n de el inventario de producto terminado. Para que el JAT sea efectivo es necesario desarrollar una cultura de intervencià ³n de las personas, de trabajo en equipo, de involucramiento de las personas con las tareas que realiza, de compromiso o lealtad de los colaboradores con los objetivos de la empresa, para que el JAT funcione. APLICACIONES Produccià ³n o procesos de produccià ³n. n Utilizar mà ¡quinas de mà ºltiples propà ³sitos, en las que fà ¡cilmente se pueda pasar de la produccià ³n de un componente a otro. n Aplicar las tà ©cnicas de grupos o celdas, donde las series de componentes se puedan producir juntas, esto permite reducir los perà ­odos de planificacià ³n. n Trazar un esquema en U, en el cual los materiales se colocan en un costado de la U, y los productos terminados en el otro costado, permitiendo la reduccià ³n del movimiento del material. n Utilizar à ³rdenes de compra generales , que autoricen a un proveedor a suministrar una cierta cantidad de material durante un perà ­odo de tiempo, esto evita las à ³rdenes individuales, ahorrando tiempo y esfuerzo. Reduciendo los costos operativos. Niveles de inventario reducidos n Utilizar un sistema para hacer que los materiales fluyan de acuerdo con los requerimientos de produccià ³n / trabajo, conocido tambià ©n como sistema de afluencia antes de un sistema de almacenado. Mejoramiento del control de calidad n Insistir en los detalles de calidad de los proveedores o fuentes. n Adoptar un sistema de control de calidad total, comenzando con la calidad de los artà ­culos suministrados por el proveedor, poniendo à ©nfasis en la calidad en la là ­nea de produccià ³n de los artà ­culos manufacturados y en la calidad del servicio que presta el colaborador. Mejoramiento de la calidad y la fiabilidad. n Diseà ±ar calidad y fiabilidad en el producto. Utilizar tà ©cnicas de ingenierà ­a del valor, diseà ±o para la fabricacià ³n y diseà ±o para el montaje. El objetivo es eliminar el descarte y todos los defectos, para que los clientes reciban una calidad superior con menos reparaciones de garantà ­a. Flexibilidad del producto. n La menor cantidad de trabajo en proceso permite una mayor capacidad para responder rà ¡pido a los cambios en las demandas del consumidor para diferentes artà ­culos. Responsabilidad en la distribucià ³n. n Al utilizar el sistema de afluencia y el control de calidad total permite dar una mejor respuesta a los clientes, en cuanto a una distribucià ³n puntual de productos y de servicios de calidad. Utilizacià ³n de los activos. n Reducir la inversià ³n de capital. n Al reducir los inventarios y contar con un manejo mà ¡s eficiente, se requieren menos activos para los procesos actuales. Esto permite reducir los gastos operativos de las instalaciones actuales o brinda mà ¡s espacio para la expansià ³n del negocio. Utilizacià ³n del personal n Promover la capacitacià ³n cruzada del personal para trabajar en diferentes à ¡reas de produccià ³n. Los empleados familiarizados con el proceso contribuyen al mejoramiento continuo; pues poseen mà ¡s sentido de propiedad con respecto al producto o servicio. Minimizacià ³n de los costes: n Reducir el inventario. n Reducir el desperdicio de material y el desaprovechamiento de la mano de obra debido a los defectos. n Establecer cuotas de trabajo simplificadas que significan menores costes por primas. n Reducir los costes mediante el mejoramiento del mantenimiento preventivo. n Simplificar los procesos administrativos para reducir el trabajo por empleado. FASES FASE 1: Definir el porquà © El porquà © de aplicar el JAT es convertir la produccià ³n de la empresa en un arma estratà ©gica y no sà ³lo para bajar costos. En esta fase hay dos pasos: 1. Concientizacià ³n: Las directivas tendrà ¡n que formarse una idea clara del JAT a fin de generar tres visiones del futuro relacionadas entre sà ­: n Visià ³n del Proceso Fà ­sico -ver a la empresa dentro de 3 a 5 aà ±os, en su proceso fabril, flujo de materiales, compras, distribucià ³n, etc. n Visià ³n del Clima Organizacional -Se debe tener un fuerte liderazgo del presidente, una à ©tica en toda la empresa que propicie la innovacià ³n y haga sentir a los empleados que su aporte es importante, trabajo en equipo y cooperacià ³n entre departamentos, personas que està ©n acordes con los requerimientos del cargo y que se sientan motivadas a contribuir al mejoramiento de su empresa. n Visià ³n del Mercado -Ver posibles oportunidades en el mercado para adelantarse a la competencia. 2. Formular Estrategia de Produccià ³n/Mercado: Dicha estrategia debe ser comprensible para todos. Un nivel se referirà ¡ al crecimiento y expansià ³n otro nivel a responsabilidades de los cargos y otro a estabilidad de los cargos. FASE 2: Creacià ³n de la Estructura En la organizacià ³n entran en juego cuatro protagonistas clave:   n El comità © directivo: Encabezado por un alto ejecutivo, el gerente de planta, representantes de gerencia medias, supervisores y empleados comunes. n Un facilitador: Persona accesible y de confianza, su funcià ³n es que el esfuerzo JAT sigua su marcha y que se alcancen los objetivos a corto y largo plazo. n Los grupos encargados de proyectos: Son los encargados del proyecto piloto, de la implantacià ³n del JAT   proyecto por proyecto. Formado por miembros de administracià ³n superior intermedia y los empleados de la fà ¡brica que pondrà ¡n en prà ¡ctica   los cambios n Los jefes de los grupos de proyectos: Son administradores del grupo y el enlace con el comità © directivo. FASE 3: Puesta en Marcha del Plan  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Comprende tres pasos: 1. Proyectos piloto e implantacià ³n proyecto por proyecto: se establecen ciertas tà ©cnicas JAT, como agilizacià ³n del alistamiento, las celdas de maquinaria, y los sistemas de halar. Otros proyectos pilotos girarà ­an en torno a à ¡reas externas de oportunidad, tales como compras JAT. 2. Educar: Capacitar al personal para que adquieran las habilidades necesarias para llevar a cabo el JAT. 3. Cambiar Sistemas y Normas. Para que se amolden a los principios del JAT. 8. Kaizen Kaizen es un sistema enfocado en la mejora continua de toda la empresa y sus componentes, de manera armà ³nica y proactiva. El Kaizen surgià ³ en el Japà ³n como resultado de sus imperiosas necesidades de superarse a si misma de forma tal de poder alcanzar a las potencias industriales de occidente y asà ­ ganar el sustento para una gran poblacià ³n que vive en un paà ­s de escaso tamaà ±o y recursos. Hacer posible la mejora continua y lograr de tal forma los mas altos niveles en una serie de factores requirià ³ aparte de constancia y disciplina, la puesta en marcha de cinco sistemas fundamentales: 1. Control de calidad total / Gerencia de Calidad Total En su desarrollo inicial, hacà ­a à ©nfasis en el control del proceso de calidad. Esto ha evolucionado hasta convertirse en un sistema que abarca todos los aspectos de la gerencia, y ahora se conoce como gerencia de calidad total (TQM). La gestià ³n de calidad total es una manera de mejorar constantemente la performance en todos los niveles operativos, en cada à ¡rea funcional de una organizacià ³n, utilizando todos los recursos humanos y de capital disponibles. El mejoramiento està ¡ orientado a alcanzar metas amplias, como los costes, la calidad, la participacià ³n en el mercado, los proyectos y el crecimiento. en la aplicacià ³n de mà ©todos cuantitativos y recursos humanos para mejorar el material y los servicios suministrados a una organizacià ³n, los procesos dentro de la organizacià ³n, y la respuesta a las necesidades del consumidor en el presente y en el futuro. La gestià ³n de calidad total integra los mà ©todos de administracià ³n fundamentales con los esfuerzos de perfeccionamiento existentes y los recursos tà ©cnicos en un enfoque corregido, orientado al mejoramiento c

Apollo 13

Apollo 13 Apollo 13 Apollo 13 is a film of year 1995 based on the ill fated Apollo13 lunar mission. The film is based on the book the lost moon by Jim Lovell and Jeffrey Kluger. The film was directed by Ron Howard. The film was a huge success as it was different from the common films released in those days and it was based on a true event during the space race. Story On July 20, 1969, astronaut Jim Lovell is at his home celebrating the Apollo 11 moon landing party. He tells his wife Marilyn that he wish if he could ever land on the moon after watching Neil Armstrongs historic first step steps on the moon. Lovell was expecting that he will fly Apollo 14 but after some time he is given a VIP tour of Apollo 13s massive Saturn v rocket is ready to be launched. Then Lovell is informed that he and his crew has been selected as prime crew of Apollo 13. after hearing the news, Lovell tells his family about his launch. Her wife was little tensed because it was not a journey on earth it was towards moon. Before launch Lovell is informed that Ken Mattingly is not coming on the mission with him, Lovell tries best to get him on the flight but he is unsuccessful in doing so. Ken is replaced by pilot Jack Swigert. Next day they are ready for the launch and finally they move on. After the launch the middle engine of Saturn v cuts off prematurely because of over heat but they enter into orbit without problem, after performing the burn which will send Apollo 13 to the moon, Swigert changes the Apollo command module odyssey to dock with the lunar module Aquarius. After three days of the mission, Swigert is asked to stir the cryogenic oxygen tanks, leading to explosion in service module. The crew got to know that there is problem with oxygen tank and they think to cancel their landing on the moon and shut down the odyssey and on up the Aquarius for saving their life. John Aaron on earth who is a flight controller specifically trained to deal with the electrical and communication system recruits the crew to restart odyssey but they shut down the odyssey and powers up Aquarius and are near moon, they see the moon near to them and Lovell gets depressed by this. As the crew has powered up the Aquarius, there is a problem again, to conserve power they have to shut down the Aquarius and stay in freezing cold. The environment gets scary in the crew and Swigert blame mission control centre for not letting them to find out the technical problem in the craft, but Haise blames the Swigert and calls him inexperienced. Argument arises between both but it i s soon cleared by Lovell. Aquarius is meant for two people only but it has to mange the carbon dioxide thrown by three men. An engineering team assembles at radio station Houston and makes a crude method of removing poisonous gas and air cleaners to be used in Aquarius. The space craft enters the earth atmosphere and the crew makes risky correction of igniting the decent engine of lunar module to avoid skipping off earths atmosphere. Haise is suffering from fever inside the cabin; the crew gets successful in righting their way to earth. There on earth Mattinglys team struggle to find out the way to power up the spacecraft as very little power is left, and finally he guides swigert to revive odyssey. The crew says good bye to Aquarius, the lunar module which saved their life is jettisoned, odyssey re enters the earths, and after four minutes of radio ionization blackout, three minutes normal reentry is there and crew reports that they are safe and well. There is celebration in the mission controls and the homes of crew members. After that spacecraft splashes in water, crew is taken out of water and taken to USS lwo jima for their welcome. Cast Tom hanks as jim lovell Bill Paxton as Fred Haise Kevin Bacon as Jack Swigert Gary Sinise as Ken Mattingly Ed Harris as Gene Kranz Kathleen Quinlan as Marilyn Lovell Jean Speagle Howard as Blanch Lovell About Ron Howard Ron Howard was born in Duncan, Oklahoma, the son of Jean Spiegel Howard, an actress, and Rance Howard, a director, writer, and actor. His family moved to Burbank, California in 1958, the year before his parents gave birth to his younger brother, Clint Howard. Howard graduated from John Burroughs High School, and later attended the University of Southern Californias School of Cinematic Arts but did not graduate. At age 23, Ron Howard had one of the most recognizable faces in America. His years on The Andy Griffith Show and Happy Days had made him familiar to millions of Americans. He had even directed episodes of Happy Days, but when he looked for feature film directing work, no one believed the young actor had what it took. Finally he made a deal with low-budget film legend Roger Corman: Howard would act in a film for Corman in exchange for the opportunity to direct. The result, Grand Theft Auto, succeeded beyond anyones expectations, and started Howard on his career as a feature film director.[ Rons films Rons films are nominated for Oscars several times but Cocoon, Apollo 13, how the grinch stole Christmas and a beautiful mind successfully won Oscar. As a director, Ron won Oscar for the best director in year 2002 for his intense film a beautiful mind. Ron has been always known for some different work in his own style. Recently he directed Frost/Nixon which was nominated for five Oscar awards in year 2008. And his Angels and Demons proved to be a great success on the box office in year 2009. Working style of Ron Ron generally works with renowned Hollywood actors Tom hanks and Russell Crowe. He made his recent two thriller films The Da Vinci code and Angels and Demons on the famous books written by Dan Brown. Ron is not only a director but he is a good actor also which he proved when he appeared in film at the age of just 18 months. His high visibility films make him different from other film directors of Hollywood. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Howard] Saving Private Ryan Saving Private Ryan is an American war film which was released in year 1998 and has a plot of invasion of Normandy in World War ll. The film was directed by Steven Spielberg. The film reveals the truth about the Omaha beach assault of June 6, 1944. The film got a lot of appreciation and became one of the biggest hit in America as well as other countries also. Story The film begins with an elderly World war ll veteran and his family who visits the Normandy American Cemetery and memorial at colleville-sur-mer; Normandy, France. The veteran sits on his knees in front of grave and gets emotional, then suddenly scene changes to a Normandy invasion, with American soldiers landing on Omaha beach and having war with the Germans. One officer survived in initial landing John h miller, the commanding officer of C Company. He assembles a group of soldiers and slowly starts attacking the Germans, leading to the breakout from the beach. Meanwhile general of America comes to know that three out of four brothers of Ryan family has died but fourth son private first class James Francis Ryan of baker company, 506th parachute infantry regiment is missing in war somewhere in Normandy, and he orders to the Ryan should be sent home immediately. Miller receives the order from the general to find Ryan. He makes a team of six members and one man who speaks German and Fr ench. Miller do not have any information about the Ryan, where he is? But he and his team moves on to Neuville. Near border of Neuville they meet platoon 101st. after entering the city one member of millers team Adrian Caparzo get wound by sniper and dies there only. But the team locates Ryan from Minnesota but soon realize their mistake. Then they find member of Charlie Company, 506th, who informs that his drop zone was at Vierville. Then miller locates friend of Ryans, who tells him that Ryan is defending himself from strategically important bridge over the Merderet River in Ramelle. Miller starts moving towards Ramelle. On the way he decides to take position close to an abandoned radar station. The technician of the team Irwin wade of miller is wounded. The fifth grade Timothy E. Upham protest miller about letting the squad kill the German soldier. Miller decides to surrender himself in next allied patrol. The team loses their confidence in millers leadership. Then miller reveals his identity that he is an English teacher and high school base ball coach in Adley, Pennsylvania, then the team reunites. The squad finally arrives on the outskirts of Ramelle where they fight with German army and they find Ryan. Then American paratroopers join them in Ramelle. Miller informs Ryan about his brothers death and his mission to take him home. Ryan refuses to come back and demand that he want to defend the bridge against germens counterattack miller also helps him orders his unit to help in defending the bridge. The American soldiers are very low in number and Germans arrive in more quantity. Miller leads the defense but while attempt of blowing bridge he is shot by steamboat Willie. In the duration the American P-51 Mustang comes and destroys the German tanks and steamboats. Ryan survives with two more other team members. Miller is wounded very badly and in his last words he say to Ryan, James†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.earn this. Earn it. Back to the present day in graveyard the veteran is at millers grave and Ryan tells his wife that he was a good man and led a good life, Ryan salutes Miller and film ends. Cast Tom Hanks as Captain John H. Miller Tom Sizemore as Technical Sergeant Michael Mike Horvath Edward Burns as Private First Class Richard Reiben, a BAR gunner Jeremy Davies as Technician Fifth Grade Timothy E. Upham, a cartographer and interpreter Barry Pepper as Private Daniel Jackson, a marksman Adam Goldberg as Private Stanley Mellish, a rifleman Van Diesel as Private Adrian Caparzo, a rifleman Giovanni Ribisi as Technician Fourth Grade Irwin Wade, a medic Matt Damon as Private First Class James Francis Ryan, a paratrooper Steven Spielberg Steven Allan Spielberg was born on 18th December 1946 in Cincinnati. He is famous producer, director, and screenwriter. He is listed in the most powerful and influential personality in the world by motion picture industry and times listed him as one of the most important person in the world. One of the most acclaimed directors of the late 20th century; Steven Spielberg is an American icon. From Close Encounters to Schindlers List, Spielberg has never failed to amaze and delight his audience. At the age of 13 he won a contest with his 40 minute film, Escape to Nowhere. In 1963, at the age of 16, Spielberg produced the movie Firelight (which would later inspire Close Encounters). The movie made a $100 profit at the local movie theater. Although Spielberg attended California State University in Long Beach studying English, he couldnt get into a traditional film school. As with anything, Spielberg wasnt going to let that stop him. Spielbergs Films Steven has been nominated for six times for Academy awards for best director and he won for two films which are Schindlers list in 1993 and Saving Private Ryan in 1998. He directed and produced many successful films but his jaws (1975 ), raiders of the Lost ark ( 1981), Extra terrestrial ( 1982 ), The color purple ( 1985 ), Schindlers List ( 1993 ) [ win ], saving private Ryan ( 1998 ), munich ( 2005) and letters from lwo Jima ( 2006 ) were on the stage of Academy awards. Working style of Steven He often shows shooting stars in his films. He uses suns images in his films as a background in many scenes (Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), The Color Purple (1985), Empire of the Sun (1987), Saving Private Ryan (1998)). He uses piano as a main instrument in his films and he frequently shows children in some kind of danger in his film and introduces important characters through rear view mirror of the car. Generally cast Tom hanks, Richard Deryfuss, Harrison Ford, Frank Welker and Tom Cruise. Similarities between Apollo 13 and Saving Private Ryan Both of these films are based on real events of American history, saving Private Ryan shows the history of Omaha beach and Apollo 13 shows the truth about spacecraft of NASA which was sent in year 1969. Both the films are decorated by the acting of superstar Tom Hanks. He played lead character in both the films and has his own style of acting, but as we know that the two films are of two great directors in the world so half credit of Hanks performance will go to Steven and Ron. Both of these films are Oscar wining films for their different departments. Both the film has mission involved in them which is in concern with national departments. Differences Between Saving Private Ryan and Apollo 13 Apollo 13 is directed by Ron Howard and Saving Private Ryan is directed by Steven Spielberg, both films shows the different department of America, Apollo 13 shows the technical and science related department and saving Private Ryan is about the security department of America. Tom hanks character in both the films is totally different, in Apollo 13 he played the character of an astronaut and in saving private Ryan he is playing a soldier. Apollo 13 has a plot of 1969 while saving Private Ryan has plotting of year 1944 which reveals the conditions at the time of Second World War. Probable influence of Saving Private Ryan Saving Private Ryan is a American war film which tells the story of Omaha beach and how the brave and wise soldier John H. Miller gave his life in saving the Ryan and his faith towards his nation and his work is seen, so by the character of miller one might get patriotic and get influenced by the his wise ness and bravery. The visual effects of the film were excellent as the film is directed by Steven Spielberg and he is known for high budget and glamorized film making. As the film is in the plot of 1944 so, giving the visual effects for the weapons and war pattern of that age is not easy at all and all upcoming students of visual effects should see the film and try to understand the technical part of film and it will surely help students in understanding that if they are working in any period film what kind of visual effects are used. Probable influence of Apollo 13 Apollo 13 is a film based on real event in the history of NASA. by hearing news we can just imagine that what might have been the situation in the spaceship when the engine Odyssey got heated up but Ron Howard has shown in the film the emotions inside the war craft and he not only made story strong but the technical stuff shown in the film is really fantastic and the visual effects of the film is amazing as they showed the characters in zero gravity and in space ship , these kind of effects were shown in the film which was released in 1995 and we can just imagine what creativity was required for the work of this film and the challenge was excepted by Ron Howard and is beautifully presented in front of audience. The team of the astronauts shows the patience and intelligence in such critical situation which gives a message that whatever happens in life one should stay cool and calm. Film might inspire some kids those who want to become the astronauts and may generate their interest mor e in this branch of science.

Ambition By Moonlight - Original Writing :: Papers

Ambition By Moonlight - Original Writing The wind howled through Francis' mass of tatty black hair, that looked like a bird's nest, making it stream out behind him. He found it hard to keep his balance walking against the wind; it was like it was trying to lift him up and wisp him off, back to his warm welcoming house where he should be at this very moment. The long, thick grass was covered in frost; it looked like someone had sprinkled a thin layer of salt crystals across the field. It crunched under his feet, making Francis cringe, as he cautiously moved onwards, head bowed against the wind. He could feel the cold, deep down in his bones, despite wearing his thick trousers and fur coat. Suddenly he saw the last bit of the light from the village disappear in some shadows, Francis stopped abruptly and looked up slowly. First of all he noticed the old wooden signpost with its writing barely legible, craning his neck further he saw the mass of bare branches from the towering trees of the wood. The branches looked like frail hands and seemed to be trying to snatch him to haul him into the woods Francis was frozen in his step, transfixed by the woods in front of him, even though he could only see the very edge of the woods it still frightened him and made him jump at the slightest sound. Then all of a sudden the moon appeared bright in the sky from behind the clouds that appeared to have been swept aside by a large hand. It hung in the sky like bricks, lighting the field like a vast beacon. It was then Francis could have sworn he saw a small figure like that of a child, watching him, and appearing strangely familiar but he couldn't put his finger on whom it could be. Yet as quickly as he had seen it, it vanished, Francis shook his head telling himself he was just seeing things. Francis started to edge towards the woods, but just before he entered

The Prejudiced Message of Merchant of Venice :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

The Prejudiced Message of Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice portrays a prejudiced message. This is first evident in Act one when Shylock openly says to himself, "I hate him because he is a Christian....May my people be cursed if I forgive him!" All throughout the book the Christians are battling with the Jews and neither of them will listen to the other because their hearts are filled with intense prejudice. Antonio proves that he is unwilling to change his feelings toward Shylock when he says, "I'm likely to call you names again, spit on you again, and shun you again." They don't seem to realize that their prejudiced attitudes could get someone (Antonio) killed. There are different times during the play that Shylock could be viewed as a villain and other times that he could be seen as a sympathetic character. When he doesn't allow his daughter, Jessica to marry Lorenzo just because he's a Christian, that's when we start to think that Shylock just isn't a very nice guy. But he was also the target of a lot of prejudice himself. Antonio didn't like him because he was a Jew, and he let Shylock know his feelings. However, two wrongs don't make a right. In other words, just because Antonio hated Shylock and spit in his face, there's no reason why Shylock couldn't just show Antonio love or just stay away from him. Shylock chose to get revenge, so he probably would be viewed as a villain. Prejudice doesn't get anyone anywhere.

A Look At Cheap Amusements Essay -- essays research papers

An extremely interesting, but ever-contradictory sociological study of sexual relationsis presented in the Kathy Peiss book Cheap Amusements . The reason I say that it is ever-contradictory is that the arguments are presented for both the benefit of cheap amusements for a woman s place in society and for the reinforcement of her place. In one breath, Peiss says that mixed-sex fun could be a source of autonomy and pleasure as well as a cause of [a woman s] continuing oppression. The following arguments will show that, based on the events and circumstances described in Cheap Amusements , the changes in the ways that leisure time is spent by women has indeed benefited them in both the workplace and at home. This position requires a closer look at specific leisure activities; where and with whom they are spent, and the ultimate effect that these activities had on society and gender roles. More significantly however, is how the establishment of leisure activities for women came about, rather than the simple change in availability of such activities. First let s look at Peiss s position on the matter of how cheap amusements challenged gender traditions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What does Peiss have to say about women s roles at the turn of the century? Peiss argues initially that young women experimented with new cultural forms in terms of sexual expressiveness and social interaction with men, linking heterosocial culture to a sense of modern individuality and personal style. Creating this style was an assertion of self. Peiss quickly discounts these assertions by saying that without economic independence, such freedoms are hollow. Peiss s essay claims to focus on the role of working women in fostering change from a homosocial to a heterosocial culture, but as we can see from the earlier quote, there is still what seems to be a hint of male dominance in preventing the experience of true leisure. By this we can see that Peiss believes women were challenging gender norms, but doing so under the implied watchful eye of the male-dominated culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One very interesting point that Peiss makes is that there is now a market for leisure time. This market included such activities as attending shows at a nickelodeon, riding the trolley, and, especially in Manhattan, spending the day at Coney Islan... ...not explicitly challenging the social conditions of the day, but implicitly doing so. I agree with Peiss s statement that women were expressing the aspiration for selfhood and fulfillment but that this did not attempt to transform the web of gender and class relations in which [they] were situated. Women did not attempt to challenge their situation explicitly, nor did they even realize they were challenging their social condition. At the same time, attendance at particular popular dance halls and club events served to reinforce the notions of female submission and some Old Word traditions. Overall, however, we can see that the changes in society over this period of 1880-1920 benefited women. Look at how family life changed because of the movie theater experience. It brought families together; husbands and wives would attend with their children. Also, we can see that clubs and dances were safe places to meet those of the opposite sex, whereas previously, you may have had a husband chosen for you. It can be said with confidence then that the challenges implicitly mounted by women s search for leisure has indeed benefited their position in the late 19th and early 20th centurysociety.

A View from the Bridge Essay Essay

A View From The Bridge’ is a play that was first staged in 1955. It was written by Arthur Miller. Arthur Miller was born into a Jewish family in New York in 1915, whose grandparents had come to America from Poland. When the family business failed, they moved to Brooklyn, where A View from the Bridge is set. There, Miller worked in a warehouse to earn money for his university fees. He began to write plays when he was in university and continued to write them after he graduated and became a journalist. In the play, loyalty dictates the events very strongly as because of Eddies mixed emotions for Catharine he chooses to be more loyal to her than to all of his family. Miller shows the importance of loyalty through Eddie telling Catharine the ‘Vinnie Bolzano’ story. Catharine’s reaction shows the audience that in Italy, family loyalty is the most important thing as Catharine is both shocked and horrified that Vinnie snitched on his own Uncle this is why she shockingly says ‘The kid snitched? Miller uses this as an opportunity to tell the audience that the Italian American community is very loyal, which makes Eddie’s betrayal even more shocking. Because Vinnie snitched on his Uncle he could never show his face in public because every one despised and loathed him this is why Beatrice says ‘I never seen him again’. This also shows that the Italian American Community has a very ‘if you snitch on one of us, you snitch on all of us’ mentality. Another way that Arthur Miller portrays the importance of loyalty in the play is the references Eddie uses to Catharine’s Mother. this quote shows that Eddie tries to use the promise he made to Catharine’s Mother as an excuse for being so strict and this is why he says ‘I promised your Mother on her death bed’. This is why he doesn’t want her working in the dodgy part of town; where as it is because of the emotions he feels toward Catharine and he doesn’t want her to have another male figure in her life who could be more important than he is. One of the most important scenes in the play is the ‘Phone Call’ scene which shows Eddie changing his loyalties from his family and friends, to just Catharine. ‘Give me the number for the immigration bureau’ this shows Eddie doing what Vinnie Bolzano didand snitching on Marco and Rodolpho, he does this because of the mixed and confusing emotions he feels for Catharine. Miller also uses stage  directions in the scene such as ‘A phone booth begins to glow on the opposite side of the stage; a faint, lonely blue’ I think that Miller uses the Lighting on the phone booth to show the audience the conflict going on in Eddie’s head; to loose every thing (his family and friends friendship, love, trust and loyalty) but keep Catharine for himself When the immigration officers arrive at the house, Eddie looses the respect and loyalty from his family. Beatrice realizes what Eddie has done when she says‘My God, what did you do? ’. She is completely shocked and horrified as Eddie was a loyal and family orientated man. Miller uses this quote to show the audience that Beatrice is astounded and aghast that Eddie has chosen Catherine over her, even though she is his wife. Marco is furious with the fact that Eddie has just ruined any chance of him getting an American citizenship, this now means that Marco wouldn’t be able to get a well paid job and support his family back in Italy. This is why he says ‘That one! He killed my children! That one stole the food from my children’ this is because although Eddie hasn’t directly murdered Marco’s family, his actions will lead to Marco getting deported and he wouldn’t be able to give his family money to buy food and they would consequently die. The audience would be shocked by what he is saying as he is insulting Eddie who Miller has made out to be the confused character who although he is doing something terrible he thinks that he is doing it for the right reasons, and the audience would therefore feel sorry for him. Miller uses the loyalty theme to show the weakness of men, Eddie betrays his family and community because of the mixed emotions he feels for Catharine.